ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterised mainly by signs and symptoms derived from increased serum glucose or hyperglycemia. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the entire world with reports of severe prognosis in diabetic patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and high hospital admissions in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-diabetic patients. The objective of the bibliographic review was to evaluate and describe some of the biochemical mechanisms that lead to severe prognosis in patients with DM infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus through a systematic search for information in different databases. The results showed that the high ICU admission with a severe prognosis of diabetic patients infected by the virus was due to excessive inflammation that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, severe pneu-monia, impaired immunity, and hyperglycemia. The virus enters the cell mainly through the endocytic and non-endosomal pathway;the central cellular receptors involved in the mechanisms are insulin receptors (IR), glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT-2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), glucose converting enzyme angiotensin 2 (ACE2), and the serine transmembrane protease co-receptor 2 (TMPRSS2) essential for viral propagation. The increased susceptibility to devel-oping COVID-19 in diabetic patients is due to the overexpression of ACE2, and serious complications are increased at the microvascular and macrovascular levels, such as nephropathies, neuropathies, and cardiovascular diseases.
ABSTRACT
Along with the first pandemic wave of COVID-19, many makers' initiatives shed light on the innovative potential of developing computer assisted machinery services for the health sector. Even since before that, collaborative innovation structures such as FabLabs have been arising in public health institutions, which indicates the increasing demand for technological tools as well as innovation assistance in the public health sector. However, how FabLabs facilitate innovation processes contingent on hospital context is a question that needs to be further explored. In this article, a single case study on the Hephaïstos FabLab at the Bicêtre Hospital in France is developed in order to understand the role that a FabLab service can play in fostering innovation in a hospital ecosystem. The results show how innovation is stimulated by the FabLab proximity, the methodological approach developed by the FabLab team and the participants' profiles. These insights are pertinent for hospital managers to help identify strategies and ensure continuity of a FabLab service. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The factors associated with the level of knowledge of the preventive measures of COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women from two Peruvian communities were determined. Quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study. They worked with the entire population. The level of knowledge was measured through a previously validated instrument. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, using linear regression with a 95% confidence interval. The results indicate that the majority (64.7%) considered the use of rubber gloves as a preventive measure, while 33.8% considered the use of homemade masks incorrect and considered that domestic animals transmitted COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, the level of knowledge was associated with having received information from their health center. There is a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 prevention in pregnant and postpartum women from two Peruvian communities, and that the main associated factor is having received information from their Health Center.